UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women: Annual Report 2020

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Violence against women and girls (VAW/G) remains the most widespread breach of human rights – a long-standing pandemic whose many forms and manifestations are often exacerbated in times of crisis. Since its establishment in 1996, the UN Trust Fund has evolved, adapted and learned about effective initiatives to end VAW/G. Over the past 25 years, its grantees have impacted the lives of women and girls in every region, addressing complex and diverse forms of VAW/G through innovative programmes driven by the demands of their particular contexts.

The UN Trust Fund deployed this cumulative and unique body of knowledge and experience in 2020 to support organizations confronting the challenges of implementing initiatives to end VAW/G during the COVID-19 pandemic. An understanding of the importance of flexible and swift responses, underpinned by relationships of trust, helped ensure that vital civil society organizations (CSOs), especially women’s rights organizations (WROs), working to end VAW/G were able to survive and adapt.

During 2020, COVID-19 and the measures adopted to contain the pandemic saw a dramatic rise in VAW/G, severely impacting the work of the UN Trust Fund and grantees. Above all, it exposed the lack of preparedness of countries to respond to and deal with existing, ongoing and persistent VAW/G.

Indeed, prevalence figures released by the World Health Organization based on 2018 data, confirmed that 1 in 3 women around the world have been subjected to physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner or non-partner, indicating that levels of VAW/G remained disturbingly high and gains in women’s rights fragile, even before COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic, however, also highlighted the vital role played by CSOs/WROs in preventing and addressing VAW/G as first responders in crises. Their work is especially important in meeting the needs of women and girls who experience intersecting forms of discrimination and who are at most risk of violence.

This report reflects on the work of the UN Trust and its grantees since its inception in 1996 and looks in greater detail at the achievements of grantees during the last Strategic Plan (2016-2020) and specifically during 2020.

In its 25 years of existence, the UN Trust Fund has supported a total of 572 initiatives specifically aimed at preventing and addressing all forms of violence against women and girls across the globe.

In the past five years, its grant giving has focused primarily on funding CSOs/WROs and specifically WROs. During this time the grantees reported reaching at least 54,615,105 people and at least 1,604,305 women and girls benefited directly through services, empowerment activities and protection from violence, including more than 149,958 survivors of violence.

During 2020, COVID-19 and a dramatic increase in VAW/G globally posed new, and at times existential, challenges to UN Trust Fund grantees. Despite this, grantees reached over 31,071,058 people through various initiatives and ensured that more than 242,569 women and girls directly benefited from support that led to transformative changes in their lives, to prevent and respond to violence including services for at least 26,519 women/girl survivors of violence.

As this report shows, during 2020 grantees were able, with UN Trust Fund support, to adapt swiftly to maintain key aspects of their projects, while protecting the safety of beneficiaries and staff. The overall impact of COVID-19 on grantees and their work to prevent and address VAW/G was localized and complex, but some key trends were clear.

These included a stark rise in intimate partner violence, sexual violence, online harassment and harmful traditional practices; a severe impact on those experiencing intersectional discrimination and marginalization and those most at risk of being left behind; and a lack of sustainable, structural and societal support for work on ending VAW/G. CSOs/WROs rose to these challenges. This report also describes some of the specific steps taken by the UN Trust Fund to strengthen and support their role as first responders to women and girls, including funding specifically aimed at ensuring organizational survival and resilience.

With UN Trust Fund support, grantees have enabled 158,736 women and girls to access specialist support services and helped 23,089 service providers around the world to improve their provision of services.

The year also saw the close of the Strategic Plan 2016-2020. The three priority areas set for this period were: improving access for women and girls to essential, safe and adequate multisectoral services; furthering implementation of legislation, policies, national action plans and accountability systems; and promoting the prevention of VAW/G.

In addition, at least 133 institutional policies or protocols on VAW/G have been developed or improved at various institutional levels. This report details some of the key achievements of grantees in 2020 under these three pillars.

Throughout the period of the 2016-2020 Strategic Plan, the UN Trust Fund has continued to build a global Evidence Hub on ending VAW/G, grounded in evaluated grantee results, to create a platform for collecting and disseminating practice-based knowledge and lessons. This report looks at some key areas of progress in taking forward this commitment to continuous learning and sharing practice-based knowledge and lessons learned, which proved invaluable in enabling a prompt and effective response to the crisis in 2020.

This report also looks to the future, highlighting the priorities, challenges and opportunities identified to take the UN Trust Fund forward over the next five years. Its Strategic Plan 2021-2025 will continue efforts to effectively support CSOs/WROs to prevent and end VAW/G. Grounded in feminist principles, it will continue to be led and informed by women’s experiences and civil society efforts to end VAW/G, fully recognizing women’s and survivors’ own agency and will be guided by the expertise and knowledge generated by CSOs/WROs.

The final chapter is devoted to the achievements during the year by grantees under the EU/UN Spotlight Initiative. The specific central focus of the collaboration between the UN Trust Fund and the EU/UN Spotlight Initiative is strengthening and supporting women’s rights groups and autonomous civil society organizations (Outcome 6 of the EU/UN Spotlight Initiative Theory of Change) for projects working to end VAW/G.5 In 2019 and 2020, the UN Trust Fund cumulatively awarded USD24 million in direct grants to 55 CSOs/WROs in 25 countries in Latin America (11 grants) and sub-Saharan Africa (44 grants). This included USD9 million in resources to 44 CSOs/WROs in sub-Saharan Africa for their institutional strengthening in the context of the COVID-19 Response Framework in 2020. Looking to the future, the UN Trust Fund is analysing the contribution grantees make to women’s / feminist movements locally and nationally as well as how grantees have organisationally and programmatically adapted to COVID-19 that provide lessons for future ending VAW/G work especially in times of crisis.

Source: UN Women

Remarks by President Biden on Tropical Storm Henri and the Evacuation Operation in Afghanistan

THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. After a series of meetings throughout the weekend with my national security team, I want to update the American people on our ongoing evacuation operation in Afghanistan.

But first, I just was briefed by the FEMA Administrator, who is here with me today — Ms. Criswell — about the flash flooding in Waverly, Tennessee, and surrounding areas in Tennessee.

I want to begin by expressing my deepest condolences for the sudden and tragic loss of life due to this flash flood.

I know we’ve reached out to the community and we stand ready to offer them support. I’ve asked the Administrator to speak to Governor Lee of Tennessee right away, and we will offer any assistance they need for this terrible moment.

Let me also say a few words about what is — what is now Tropical Storm — not hurricane — Henri, which made landfall at approximately 12:15 this afternoon in Rhode Island.

Henri is impacting much of the Northeast right now, and I want to talk about our efforts to prepare and respond to this storm.

We have been closely monitoring Henri’s progress and making the necessary preparations. Fortunately, it’s no longer a hurricane; it’s been downgraded to a tropical storm. And we are taking it seriously, though, because of the size and the storm’s surge and the rainfall it’s producing. It’s also — it’s also impacting an area of the country that has already experienced heavy rainfall over the past several days.

And while New Englanders are used to dealing with some tough weather, this storm has the potential for widespread consequences across the region, with significant flooding and power outages that could affect hundreds of thousands of people.

And so, we’re doing everything we can now to help these states prepare, respond, and recover.

I can’t think of anyone better to lead this operation than — than Deanne Criswell of the — of FEMA. She’s — before she headed up FEMA, she led the emergency response in New York City, and she was one of the key federal officials leading our response to Superstorm — Superstorm Sandy. She knows this area very, very well and knows what is needed better than anyone.

Yesterday, I talked with the Administrator and each of the governors in the key states most likely to be affected. I urged them to take advantage of the assistance FEMA can offer in advance and committed to doing everything we can to support their communities through the storm and afterwards.

FEMA has already pre-positioned resources in the region to speed our ability to respond, including food, water, and lifesaving communications equipment, as well as generators.

In close cooperation with the electrical sector, preparations are in place to address significant power outages. And resources and support is staged at the edge of this storm to be able to move quickly in to help.

Thousands of additional line crews and vegetation-clearing crews from other states and from Canada are already heading toward the impacted states in New England, ready to serve as — move in as soon as it’s feasible.

They’ll clean up fallen trees, help local utilities repair damaged lines, and restore electrical service as fast as possible.

I want to thank these crews for their commitment to helping their fellow citizens in time of need.

I’ve already approved — I’ve already approved emergency declarations for Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York, which activates funds and means we can — we can get in there and help as soon as this extreme weather has moved through.

We don’t know the full extent of the storm’s impact today, but we are acting to prepare for and prevent damage as much as possible, and to speed help to affected communities so they can recover as quickly as possible.

I also want to encourage everyone to do their part to prepare. Follow the guidance from their local authorities. Some places have already had heavy rains and winds and dangerous storm surges.

Henri is going to continue to move across much of the Northeast, so it is important to monitor it closely and be prepared in your home and your community. Make sure you have the supplies for your entire household, including necessary medications and food, water, battery-powered radios in case of extended power hour outera — power outages.

And don’t forget that you may need to seek shelter while you’re battling the Delta vir- — variant and the COVID-19. So, wear a mask and try to observe social distancing.

And to everyone across the country, don’t get caught by the next storm. Get vaccinated. Get vaccinated now. Protect yourself and your family against COVID-19. It’s going to be a vital part of emergency preparedness this year — for the remainder of this year.

Now, let me turn to Afghanistan.

I’ve continued to make progress since I spoke to you on Friday. We have moved thousands of people each day by U.S. military aircraft and civilian charter flights.

A little over 30 hours — in a little over 30 hours this weekend, we’ve evacuated an extraordinary number of people, as I will detail in a minute: about 11,000 individuals. That number will change day to day as the air and ground operations in Kabul vary.

Our first priority in Kabul is getting American citizens out of the country as quickly and as safely as possible. At my direction, the State Department continues to reach out to the remaining Americans we have identified by phone, e-mail, and other means to ascertain their whereabouts and their plans.

We’re executing a plan to move groups of these Americans to safety and to safely and effectively move them to the airport compound.

For security reasons, I’m not going to go into the detail of what these plans entail, but I will say again today that I have said before: Any American who wants to get home will get home.

We’ve also been evacuating the citizens of our NATO Allies and our partners, including their diplomats, their embassy staff who remain in Afghanistan and to get them back to their homes as well.

And as we do this, we’re also working to move our Afghan allies, who stood with us side by side, and other vulnerable Afghans such as women leaders and journalists, out of the country.

As of this morning, we have evacuated nearly 28,000 people since August the 14th, on both U.S. and coalition aircraft, including civilian charters, bringing the total number of people we have evacuated since July to approximately 33,000 persons.

In one 24-hour period this weekend, 23 U.S. military flights — including 14 C-17s, 9 C-130 flights — left Kabul carrying 3,900 passengers. We see no reason why this tempo will not be kept up.

During the same period, our military facilitated another 35 charter flights carrying an additional nearly 4,000 evacuees to other countries that are taking — that are taking them out.

Altogether, we lifted approximately 11,000 people out of Kabul in less than 36 hours. It’s an incredible operation.

Let me be clear: The evacuation of thousands of people

from Kabul is going to be hard and painful no matter when it started and when we began. It would have been true if we had started a month ago or a month from now. There is no way to evacuate this many people without pain and loss, of heartbreaking images you see on television. It’s just a fact. My heart aches for those people you see.

We are proving that we can move, though, thousands of people a day out of Kabul. We’re bringing our citizens, NATO Allies, Afghanis who had helped — in fact, has helped us in the war effort. But we have a long way to go, and a lot could still go wrong.

But to move out 30,000 people in just over a week, that’s a great testament to the men and women on the ground in Kabul and our armed services.

It also reflects a tireless diplomatic effort. In order to keep a steady flow of planes taking off from Kabul and maximize our evacuation capacity, we have quickly stood up an unprecedented global effort and established a series of processing stations in third countries.

In short, we’re not flying them directly to their country, we’re flying to these processing stations where we’re working with more than two dozen countries across four continents.

I’ve secured agreements — we’ve secured agreements with the Gulf, Ce- — excuse me — across the Gulf, in Central Asia, and in Europe, including processing centers in Qatar, Germany, Kuwait, Spain, and elsewhere that allows us to sort and process these evacuees.

This transit — these transit centers provide a safe place for the SIV applicants and other vulnerable Afghanis and their families to complete their paperwork while we conduct security screenings and background checks before they continue on to their final destination in the United States or in another country — one of our NATO Allies, as well.

And so, from Asia to Africa, from Europe to Western — to the Western Hemisphere, nations are making generous offers to support resettlements efforts.

And I’ve been in personal contact with the leaders of many countries, including Qatar, Germany, Spain, Italy, the UAE, and others — they’re making vital contributions — to thank them for their support and to discuss how we can continue to coordinate our efforts in Afghanistan, moving forward. It’s the reason why I continue in contact with them.

And I want to, again, thank all of our partners for their continued — continuing to stand together.

We’ve also activated the first stage of what’s referred to as the “Civil Reserve Air Fleet” to help with the onward movement of evacuees from these transit centers. Our military aircraft and others will get them to these centers, but then we’re going to get the Civil Reserve Fleet — it’s a program that’s designed — that was designed in the wake of the Berlin Airlift after World War Two — to use commercial aircraft to augment our airlift capacity. This is a voluntary program for our commercial airlines, and we’re grateful for those airlines and the U.S. carriers who are supporting this.

This effort will only use three or four planes from each of the major carriers’ vast fleet of aircraft, so there should be no effect, or a minimal effect, on commercial air travel. And we’ll stay in close coordination with our partners to mitigate any impact.

These Civil Reserve flights will be helping facilitate

the safe movement of people from staging locations and transit centers, like Qatar and Germany, to the United States or to a third country. None of them will be landing in Kabul. Now, the American aircraft part of this will not be going to any country but the United States.

As this effort unfolds, I want to be clear about three things.

One, planes taking off from Kabul are not flying directly to the United States. They’re landing at U.S. military bases and transit centers around the world.

Number two, at these sites where they’re landing, we are conducting thorough scrutiny — security screenings for everyone who is not a U.S. citizen or a lawful permanent resident. Anyone arriving in the United States will have undergone a background check.

Number three, once screened and cleared, we will welcome these Afghans, who helped us in the war effort over the last 20 years, to their new home in the United States of America. Because that’s who we are. That’s what America is.

You know, I’ve been touched by the outpouring of support

that we’ve seen from communities and organizations across America mobilizing to support these efforts.

So many of these Afghans stood bravely by U.S. troops in Afghanistan. And now the United States, including veterans groups, refugee resettlement agencies, religious organizations, and so many others, are standing with our Afghan allies. It exemplifies the best of America.

And I want to say, again, just how difficult this mission is and how dangerous — the dangers it poses to our troops on the ground.

The security environment is changing rapidly. There are civilians crowded at the airport, although we have cleared thousands of them. We know that terrorists may seek to exploit this situation and target innocent Afghans or American troops.

They’re maintaining constant vigilance to mon- — we’re maintaining the constant vigilance to monitor and disrupt threats from any source, including the likely source being ISIS — ISIS-K, the Afghan affiliate referred to as “ISIS-K.” But we are under no illusions about the threat.

I said on Friday, ISIS-K is a sworn enemy of the Taliban, and they have a history of fighting one another. But every day we have troops on the ground, these troops and innocent civilians at the airport face the risk of attack from ISIS-K from a distance, even though we’re moving back the perimeter significantly.

We’re working hard and as fast as we can to get people out. That’s our mission. That’s our goal. And our determination to get every American citizen home and to evacuate our Afghan allies is unwavering.

We continue to see not only enor- — the enormous scope and scale of the effort, we will see the individual lives that are affected. The families that are desperate to get home to their loved ones in America. The communities of veterans who have mobilized to try and help their former interpreters get to safety. The frightened Afghans who aren’t sure what to do.

To state the obvious, it’s heartbreaking. We’re all seeing it. We see it. We feel it. You can’t look at it and not feel it.

Nothing about this effort is easy, but the women and men of the United States Armed Forces are acting bravely and with professionalism and with a basic human copassio- — compassion.

I want to offer my profound thanks to our service members on the ground in Kabul, and to all those at U.S. bases around the world who are welcoming and caring — and caring for these evacuees.

And to all the diplomats and civil servants who are working around the clock to rescue American citizens, the citizens of our Allies, our Afghan partners, vulnerable Afghans — such as women leaders and journalists — what we are doing is extraordinary, and you have to think of the — of all they’re doing. It’s thanks to the people who, from all over the world, who are helping this effort.

I just want to thank you, and I’ll keep you informed every day as we move forward.

May God protect our troops and our diplomats and — who are serving in harm’s way.

Now I’ll take a few questions.

Darlene, from the Associated Press.

Q Mr. President —

THE PRESIDENT: Yes.

Q Thank you. We’re nine days away from the August 31st deadline. Will you extend that deadline? Or what — what is your thought process on extending the evacuation operations?

THE PRESIDENT: There’s discussions going on among us and the military about extending. Our hope is we will not have to extend, but there are going to be discussions, I suspect, on how far along we are in the process.

THE PRESIDENT: Mario Parker, Bloomberg.

Q Thank you, Mr. President. Just to piggyback off the August 31st deadline, you told the G7 in Cornwall — you promised them support, back in June. If they ask for a larger — or a longer American presence past the August 31st deadline, what will you tell them on Tuesday, sir?

THE PRESIDENT: I will tell them that we’ll see what we can do. Look, we are working closely with the G7. I’ve spoken with most of the leaders of G7. I’ll be doing a conference with them, I think, Tuesday — I’m not certain — and we’ll have that discussion.

But we are — we already have helped get out diplomats from other countries. We’ve already helped get out citizens from other countries, and we’ll continue to do that.

Q And, Mr. President, it sounded like that the — you’ve extended operations into Kabul, outside of the airport. Is that correct?

THE PRESIDENT: What I’m not going to do is talk about the tactical changes we’re making to make sure we maintain as much security as we can.

We have constantly — how can I say it? — increased rational access to the airport, where more folk can get there more safely. It’s still a dangerous operation.

But I don’t want to go into the detail of how we’re doing that.

Andrew from the Wall Street Journal.

Q Thanks, Mr. President. Our reporting on the ground shows that Afghans with the proper paperwork are still having trouble getting to the airport. Some say they feel abandoned by the U.S. U.S. embassy staff still haven’t — some U.S. embassy staff that are Afghan haven’t be able to — haven’t been able to make it into the airport as well. Why isn’t the U.S. doing more to allow Afghans into the airport — to ensure access to the airport? And are you still opposed to setting up an extended perimeter around the airport to help ease that access?

THE PRESIDENT: Number one, I think you’re going to see they’re going to get out.

Number two, we have made a number of changes, including extending the access around the airport and in the safe zone. And we’ve done a number of things, again, I don’t want to get into detail about.

But the fact is that more and more of the groups we urgently want to get out of Afghanistan, starting with American citizens and the folks who worked in the embassies and personnel with our allies, as well as the Afghans who helped them and worked in those embassies, as well as those who helped them on the battlefield as well — we are working diligently to make sure we’ve increased the ability to get them out. We’ve changed the gate operations and a whole range of things. And that’s why we’ve been able to significantly increase the number of people we’re getting out.

Q And will the Taliban agree to an extension past August 31st? Have you discussed that with them?

THE PRESIDENT: We’ve discussed a lot with the Taliban. They’ve been cooperative in extending some of the perimeter. That remains to be seen whether we ask that question.

Ed, fire away.

Q Thanks, Mr. President.

THE PRESIDENT: I don’t want you jumping over that (inaudible).

Q Just following up on Andrew’s question. Because the United States is now negotiating with the Taliban over airport access and such, do you now trust them?

And then a question on the public response. A new poll, out today shows Americans wanted to withdraw from Afghanistan, but they disapprove of the way you’ve handled it. The poll also found that based in part of what transpired over the last week, a majority of Americans — and forgive me, I’m just the messenger — no longer consider you to be competent, focused, or effective at the job.

THE PRESIDENT: I haven’t seen that poll.

Q It’s out there, from CBS this morning.

THE PRESIDENT: (Laughs.)

Q What would you say to those Americans who no longer believe that you are doing the job?

THE PRESIDENT: Look, I had a basic decision to make: I either withdraw America from a 20-year war that, depending on whose analyses you accept, cost us $150 million a day for 20 years or $300 million a day for 20 years; who — and I — you know I carry this card with me every day — and who — in fact, where we lost 2,448 Americans dead and 20,722 wounded. Either increase the number of forces we’d keep — we keep there and keep that going, or I end the war. And I decided to end the war.

As I said the other day: You know, the only reason we were in Afghanistan is this is the place from which bin Laden attacked the United States of America. Had this been in another Middle Eastern country where he could have easily had moved from, we would have never gone to Afghanistan.

So, the question is, when is the right time to leave? Where are our national interests? Where do they lie?

And the idea that we are in a situation where we cannot recognize that terrorism has metastasized around the world, and the need for us to focus in other parts of the world which create an even greater danger of an al Qaeda-like operation beginning, it can’t be ignored. And we are, as you well know — because you follow this — we are in a number of places where we’re doing that without permanent basing American forces there.

So, I — I think when this is over, the American people will have a clear understanding of what I did, why we did it.

And — but, look, that’s the job. My job is to make judgments. My job is to make judgments no one else can or will make. I made them. I’m convinced I’m absolutely correct in not deciding to send more young women and men to war, for a war that, in fact, is no longer warranted.

Q On the question of the Taliban though, do you have a — do you trust them now? Do you have (inaudible)?

THE PRESIDENT: I don’t trust anybody, including you. I love you, but, you know, there’s not a lot of people I trust to —

Look, the Taliban has a — the Taliban has to make a fundamental decision: Is the Taliban going to attempt to be able to unite and provide for the wellbeing of the people of Afghanistan, which no one group has ever done since before dealing — for hundreds of years. And if it does, it’s going to need everything from additional help, in terms of economic assistance, trades, and a whole range of things.

The Taliban has said — we’ll see whether they mean it or not — they’re seeking legitimacy. They’re seeking legitimacy to determine whether or not they will be recognized by other countries.

They have told other countries, as well as us, they don’t want us to move our diplomatic presence completely. But they — so, all of this is all just talk now. All just talk now.

And so, so far, the Taliban has not taken action against U.S. forces. So far, they have, by and large, followed through what they said, in terms of allowing Americans to pass through, and the like.

And I’m sure they don’t control all of their forces. It’s a ragtag force. And so, we’ll see. We’ll see whether or not what they say turns out to be true.

But the bottom line is this, folks: Look, at the end of the day, if we didn’t leave Afghanistan now, when do we leave? Another 10 years? Another five years? Another year?

I’m not about to send your son or your daughter to fight in Afghanistan. I don’t see where that is in our overwhelming interest.

And to talk about how our interests are going to be impacted: Let me tell you, you’re sitting in Beijing or you’re sitting in Moscow — are you happy we left? (Laughs.) They’d love nothing better for us to continue to be bogged down there, totally occupied with what’s going on.

So, the idea this is — I think that history is going to record this was the logical, rational, and right decision to make.

So, thank you all so very much. Thank you.

Q Do you support the sanctions against the Taliban? The British are — the British are calling for sanctions. They’re going to discuss sanctions on Tuesday. Would you support sanctions against the Taliban under certain conditions? On Friday, you mentioned “harsh conditions” if they misbehaved.

THE PRESIDENT: The answer is “yes.” It depends on the conduct.

Thanks.

Source: The White House

Study Proves Effectiveness of Alternative Test Kits for COVID-19

The primordial days of the COVID-19 outbreak led to a rapid surge in demand — and subsequent shortage — of many consumables, from household goods and protective equipment to the ingredients and substances needed to test for the virus. As the world grappled with the newfound need to mass-test for COVID-19, laboratories turned to real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT–PCR). Real-time RT–PCR is the most accurate laboratory method to detect, track and study COVID-19; however, its widespread use strained resources and led some laboratories to seek more readily available and cheaper alternatives.

A study to test the performance and quality of some of these alternative resources was recently conducted by the IAEA and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES). Its results have implications for the ongoing fight against COVID-19 in developing countries and beyond.

A Scientific Forum on ‘Preparing for Zoonotic Outbreaks: the Role of Nuclear Science’ will take place from 21-22 September 2021 in conjunction with the 65th IAEA General Conference. The detection of zoonotic diseases – infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans, such as COVID-19 – is one of many topics that will be discussed at the Scientific Forum, taking into consideration the role of nuclear and nuclear derived techniques.

Reagents for reaction

Reagents are the substances, compounds, primers, probes, enzymes and buffers needed in laboratory tests. Like the essential ingredients of a recipe, they are key to facilitating a chemical reaction and ensuring the proper final result — the salt and butter, so to speak.

“In a situation of increased demand such as during the COVID-19 crisis, many laboratories might quickly find themselves in a situation where they can no longer obtain reagents from their usual sources and are forced to switch to other providers of reagents or other ad hoc molecular diagnostic kits than the ones they are used to,” said Adi Steinrigl, Deputy Head of the Molecular Biology Department at AGES. “Labs doing real-time RT–PCR tests rely on trusted sources of reagents, usually in the form of a master mix or ready-to-go diagnostic kit solutions, called ad hoc molecular diagnostic kits.”

A master mix is a premixed solution that has all of the components for a real-time RT–PCR reaction and is not sample-specific, meaning the same reagents used to detect COVID-19 can also be used to detect other viruses. Ad hoc kits are for specific diseases and pathogens.

In April 2020, in collaboration with AGES, the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques for Food and Agriculture launched a study to assess and compare eight master mixes and three ad hoc kits developed by companies based in Austria, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

The study included the most common types of master mixes used and available on the international market among the many molecular assays, or tests, that are commercialized for the diagnosis of COVID-19. As of July 2021, 388 were listed by the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics.

Promising results

At the FAO–IAEA laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria, IAEA experts tested 178 clinical samples provided by AGES, using each of the 11 commercial kits and master mixes. The results of the study established that all the tested master mixes and ad hoc kits can be used for the routine detection of the COVID-19 virus.

“The bottom line is that the tested products provided results that are similar to what can be obtained if using the reagents recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO),” said Giovanni Cattoli, Head of the Animal Production and Health Laboratory at the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre. “In a country where reagents for the recommended protocols are not available or are extremely expensive, laboratories can replace them with some of the other reagents included in the study and achieve similarly accurate results. With this study, we validated alternatives so that laboratories around the world can utilize available reagents to mass-test populations for COVID-19, therefore making the tests more accessible.”

The time needed for and costs of carrying out a real-time RT–PCR test vary, especially among different countries. A real-time RT–PCR test typically takes a couple of hours to complete, from receiving samples to issuing results, and the costs of reagents depend on the company and reagent type. Overall, excluding human resource costs, tests can cost from around €7 to €20, Cattoli added.

Steinrigl agreed that reagents and ad hoc molecular diagnostic kits might differ considerably in their costs: “Comparing the performance of reagents can actually save money. We can see cheaper solutions are not necessarily any less accurate than the more expensive ones.”

The procedures and results of the study have been shared with the IAEA Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VETLAB) Network, in which some labs have been requested by national authorities to provide testing for COVID. The VETLAB network includes 46 countries in Africa and 19 in Asia. The study was also published online by the Journal of Virological Methods in June 2021.

“These types of studies are needed for other transboundary animal and zoonotic diseases,” Cattoli said. The IAEA is conducting a similar study for African swine fever. “It is important to have an idea of what type of reagents can be used to run real-time RT–PCR testing for these diseases and ensure that the results are equal to the those produced by the recommended protocols.”

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency

Haitian-Led Relief Effort to Deliver 30,000 Liters of Clean Water Per Day to Earthquake Survivors

LA GONÂVE, HAITI., Aug. 19, 2021 – Haitian communities devastated by Saturday’s earthquake are receiving critical clean water from a Haitian-led relief effort supported by the GivePower Foundation, World Hope International, Amazon, Community Organized Relief Effort (CORE), West Indies Self Help (WISH) and World Central Kitchen. The coalition will deliver 30,000 liters of water to hard-hit areas each day, providing critical safe drinking water to roughly 15,000 people in need.

In the wake of a disaster, clean water is not only vital for hydration but also for preventing secondary health emergencies resulting from a lack of sanitation and hygiene. The earthquake relief effort comes as Tropical Storm Grace slams Haiti with heavy rain and flooding, complicating the disaster response as the country also contends with political instability and the coronavirus pandemic.

Clean water for the emergency earthquake relief effort is being produced at GivePower’s solar-powered desalination plant on the Haitian island of La Gonâve, which remains intact and operational. The Solar Water Farm Max was completed in May of 2020 and produces up to 70,000 liters of clean water each day. The system was originally funded, in part, by World Hope International.

“This relief effort is very personal for me, as one of the cities hardest hit, Les Cayes, is my hometown,” said Getro Deliscas, GivePower’s Solar Water Farm Site Manager in Haiti. “While it breaks my heart to see Haiti suffering again, this emotion only drives me to do more to help my Haitian brothers and sisters. I am grateful to be in a position where I can be of assistance, and I am grateful to GivePower and our partners for their support as we act quickly to deliver critical water to those who need it most.”

“Clean water is a necessity every day, and especially in a disaster situation,” said John Lyon, CEO and President of World Hope International, which launched the Solar Water Farm with GivePower in La Gonâve last year. “We’ve mobilized a rapid humanitarian response in the aftermath of another powerful earthquake to hit Haiti thanks to the incredible talent and hard work of local staff, such as Getro. His leadership is a perfect example of our mission in action; empowering people with tools to solve big problems in their own communities.”

With support from World Hope International, CORE, WISH and World Central Kitchen, Deliscas, his team, and a host of local volunteers bottled and delivered an initial 9,500 liters of water to communities at the epicenter of the 7.2 magnitude earthquake on Tuesday. Amazon’s donation of 17,000 20-liter containers to World Hope International will enable the daily deliveries to grow in the coming days. The Solar Water Farm will continue to meet the water needs of the local La Gonâve community in addition to supporting the disaster response.

The earthquake has officially claimed the lives of more than 1,900 people to date. More than 12,000 people have been reported injured and an unknown number are still missing. UNICEF estimates that 1.2 million people, including 540,000 children, have been affected by the earthquake in some way. Recent events are a devastating blow to the country, which is still recovering from a deadly quake in 2010 that destroyed the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince and several other cities in the region.

“World Central Kitchen is a team of food first responders, we mobilize with the urgency of now to get fresh meals to those who need them most,” said Nate Mook, CEO, World Central Kitchen. “We’re grateful for GivePower and World Hope International’s support and water for the Haitian community. The situation is evolving quickly and has been especially challenging with the increasing number of patients injured from the earthquake, COVID, and difficulty gathering medical supplies. We are just honored to support and do our part.”

“We are so grateful for this partnership with World Hope International and GivePower,” said Ann Lee, CEO and Co-founder of CORE. “This comes at a critical time and will be a game-changer, enabling us to quickly deploy teams on the ground to support life-saving operations to those most impacted by the crisis. After working in Haiti to build sustainable communities for over a decade, our priority is to assist the Haitian government and local organizations by supporting the immediate needs of the Haitian people while developing a long-term recovery plan.”

About GivePower

GivePower is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization committed to extending the environmental and social benefits of clean, renewable energy around the globe. GivePower uses solar and battery storage technologies to deliver essential services to the developing world. The organization has helped bring clean power and clean water to underserved communities in more than 20 countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America. Visit GivePower at www.givepower.org. Follow GivePower on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

About World Hope International

World Hope International addresses global poverty with sustainable, grassroots solutions with programs that promote dignity and build opportunity and hope in the communities it works alongside of globally. World Hope International responds to both acute crises and systemic challenges, partnering with local communities to implement the most sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions — initiatives that belong to the communities and are centered on their visions for a better future. The organization does it all through strong relationships with faith-based and secular organizations, churches, and governments and individuals who share its compassion for those who have been marginalized, excluded, and not listened to. Visit www.worldhope.org to learn more or follow World Hope International on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn.

Source: World Hope International

Water crisis and drought threaten more than 12 million in Syria and Iraq

More than 12 million people in Syria and Iraq are losing access to water, food and electricity and urgent action is needed to combat a severe water crisis, 13 aid groups working in the region warn today.

Across the region, rising temperatures, record low levels of rainfall, and drought are depriving people of drinking and agricultural water. It is also disrupting electricity as dams run out of water, which in turn impacts the operations of essential infrastructure including health facilities. Higher temperatures caused by climate change increase the risks and severity of droughts.

More than five million people in Syria directly depend on the river. In Iraq, the loss of access to water from the river, and drought, threaten at least seven million people. Some 400 square kilometres of agricultural land risk total drought. Two dams in northern Syria, serving three million people with electricity, face imminent closure. Communities in Hasakah, Aleppo, Raqqa and Deir ez Zour, including displaced people in camps, have witnessed a rise in outbreaks of water borne-diseases such as diarrhoea, since the reduction in water.

In Iraq, large swathes of farmland, fisheries, power production and drinking water sources have been depleted of water. In the Ninewa governorate, wheat production is expected to go down by 70 per cent because of the drought, while in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq production is expected to decrease by half. Some families in Anbar who have no access to river water are spending up to USD80 a month on water.

“The total collapse of water and food production for millions of Syrians and Iraqis is imminent,” said Carsten Hansen, Regional Director for the Norwegian Refugee Council. “With hundreds of thousands of Iraqis still displaced and many more still fleeing for their lives in Syria, the unfolding water crisis will soon become an unprecedented catastrophe pushing more into displacement.”

CARE’s Regional Director in the Middle East and North Africa, Nirvana Shawky, said: “The situation demands that authorities in the region and donor governments act swiftly to save lives in this latest crisis, that comes on top of conflict, COVID-19 and severe economic decline. In the longer term, beyond emergency food and water, they need to invest in sustainable solutions to the water crisis.”

The Danish Refugee Council’s Middle East Regional Director Gerry Garvey said: “This water crisis is bound to get worse. It is likely to increase conflict in an already destabilized region. There is no time to waste. We must find sustainable solutions that would guarantee water and food today and for future generations.”

In Al Sebat, 30 km away from Hasakah, residents have seen scores of villagers leaving to other areas, forced out by the drought.

“This year we have witnessed a wave of intense drought and as a result our lands did not produce any crops and we don’t have any sources of drinkable water either for us or for our animals,” said Abdallah, a tribal leader from Al Sebat. “It is infuriating to think that the current conditions will force us to leave the rural areas and that our lands will be left as ruins.”

Many farmers have spent their savings and gone into debt to keep their animals alive.

“Because of the drought I was unable to harvest any wheat,” said Hamid Ali from Baaj, one of the worst affected districts in Ninewa, Iraq. “Now I am overwhelmed with debt.”

Other aid groups joining today’s warning and call for emergency and flexible funding are: ACTED, Action Against Hunger, Mercy Corps, People in Need, Première Urgence Internationale, War Child, Help, Women Rehabilitation Organisation, VIYAN Organization, Al Rakeezeh Foundation for Relief and Development.

Notes for editors:

• Photos and B-roll can be downloaded for free use and distribution.

• Syria is currently facing the worst drought in seventy years while Iraq is facing the second driest season in 40 years due to record low rainfall according to the UN.

• In Turkey, major cities have suffered severe water shortages as the country’s largest reservoirs quickly became depleted at the end of last year.

Source: Action Against Hunger USA